Soil Horizons



Soil Horizons

The soil begins to form because of the actions of biological, physical and chemical phenomena. The formation of the soil is not uniform, changing according to the conditions of the environment, thus creating layers (one over the other) with different characteristics that we call horizons.
Objectives

Provide students to visualize the horizons that form the soil, and how it relates to each other, what are its characteristics and forming processes.

Materials


     - Glass box or glass side (for viewing soil layers)
    - Different types of soils

     - Dry humus or leaf

    Set up

    Inside the box, distribute it to soil layers, creating a profile, following the division that characterizes each type of soil, or a schematic sample to show the evolution of a soil.

     Example of complete and well-developed soil has the following horizons:

    O - consists of organic matter, decomposing materials. it is the superficial horizon. It has several popular names, such as litter and straw.

     A- In this horizon there is a predominance of organic matter and contains a certain amount of humus.

     E- This horizon loses materials to horizon B, such as clay and iron oxides.

     B - The materials lost in the above horizons focus on that horizon. It has a well-marked color and is the most developed horizon.

     C - Refers to the transition from rock to soil, a well-altered rock, or saprolite.



    Achievements

    Explain to students the different types of horizons that exist to form the soil and what processes that occur for each horizon have their properties, thus creating the soil profile.


    Video (in portuguese): Conhecendo o Solo - Nova versão

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