Soil Magnetism
Soil magnetism: spins and molecular orbitals
Materials:
1 iron magnet
Common soil
Red Latosol
3 plastic containers
1 iron magnet
Common soil
Red Latosol
3 plastic containers
Procedure:
Place a reasonable amount of the separate soil samples, one in each tray, and distribute them evenly in the container. Then, bring the magnet close to the common soil and observe, then bring the magnet to the "purple soil" and observe. Do the test also with paper, placing a small amount of soil on the paper and passing the magnet under the paper.
Discussion:
The electrons are quantized in energy orbitals, thus following a predefined distribution, to change the orbital electrons need energy to propel them to a more excited state. The electrons rotate, that is, they rotate around their own axis, the quantum spin number representing the direction of rotation that that electron is performing.
Magnetism is the property of attraction or repulsion observed among some objects through a magnetic field, as the physicist Mário José de Oliveira defines in his book "Magnetism is a property that certain bodies, magnets, have in attracting or repelling magnets and other magnetic substances like iron, nickel and copper ".
Artificial magnets are produced by metal alloys, for example, nickel-chromium, and natural magnets have parts of magnetic rocks, for example magnetite (iron oxide Fe3O4) and / or maguemite (iron oxide Fe2O3), if in your region there are rocks like diabase or basalt, there are probably soils with magnetic characteristics, these iron oxides are called ferrimagnetic minerals and what results in this property is the fact of their spinel structures.
The electronic distribution follows orbitals that combine to represent chemical bonds, the orbitals have regions, in each region two electrons are paired so that their spins are opposite, that is, the direction of their rotations is different, we represent this with arrows in the diagram. Pairing electrons does not produce a magnetic field, as waves are destructive, but what happens with some compounds such as ferrimagnetic minerals is that not all electrons are paired.
Therefore, the unpaired electron, remembering here that electrons have a charge, as it is alone in this sub-level of energy produces an electromagnetic field that interacts with the magnet that we approach to the ground.
Place a reasonable amount of the separate soil samples, one in each tray, and distribute them evenly in the container. Then, bring the magnet close to the common soil and observe, then bring the magnet to the "purple soil" and observe. Do the test also with paper, placing a small amount of soil on the paper and passing the magnet under the paper.
Discussion:
The electrons are quantized in energy orbitals, thus following a predefined distribution, to change the orbital electrons need energy to propel them to a more excited state. The electrons rotate, that is, they rotate around their own axis, the quantum spin number representing the direction of rotation that that electron is performing.
Magnetism is the property of attraction or repulsion observed among some objects through a magnetic field, as the physicist Mário José de Oliveira defines in his book "Magnetism is a property that certain bodies, magnets, have in attracting or repelling magnets and other magnetic substances like iron, nickel and copper ".
Artificial magnets are produced by metal alloys, for example, nickel-chromium, and natural magnets have parts of magnetic rocks, for example magnetite (iron oxide Fe3O4) and / or maguemite (iron oxide Fe2O3), if in your region there are rocks like diabase or basalt, there are probably soils with magnetic characteristics, these iron oxides are called ferrimagnetic minerals and what results in this property is the fact of their spinel structures.
The electronic distribution follows orbitals that combine to represent chemical bonds, the orbitals have regions, in each region two electrons are paired so that their spins are opposite, that is, the direction of their rotations is different, we represent this with arrows in the diagram. Pairing electrons does not produce a magnetic field, as waves are destructive, but what happens with some compounds such as ferrimagnetic minerals is that not all electrons are paired.
Therefore, the unpaired electron, remembering here that electrons have a charge, as it is alone in this sub-level of energy produces an electromagnetic field that interacts with the magnet that we approach to the ground.
Material produced by:
Adriano Paulo Aparecido Pereira de Oliveira
References
COSTA, A.S.C.; BIGHAM, J.M. Óxidos de ferro. In: MELO, V.F.; ALLEONI, L.R.F. (Eds.). Química e mineralogia do solo. Parte I. Conceitos básicos. Viçosa: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2009. p. 505-572.
OLIVEIRA, M.J. Termodinâmica. São Paulo: Livraria de Física, 2005.
Azzellini G.C.; aula 07 de QFL-1101. Teoria dos orbitais moleculares, 2017.
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